\[\sigma=\frac{F}{A}\]
Variables
sigmaaxial stress (Pa)
Faxial force (N)
Across-sectional area (m²)
Description
What is this formula?
This formula calculates axial stress in a member subjected to a force applied along its longitudinal axis. Axial stress is the internal force per unit cross-sectional area.
When to use it
Use this formula for bars, rods, columns, bolts, cables, and structural members under tension or compression.
Example
Data:
F = 5000 N
A = 0.002 m²
Formula:
sigma = F/A
Substitution:
sigma = 5000/0.002
Result:
sigma = 2500000 Pa
Applications
Structural mechanics
Machine design
Bolted joints
Columns and rods
Material strength analysis